The CSA of multifidus, muscle fiber CSA/collagen fiber CSA, TGF-β1 immunohistochemical IOD, TGF-β1 immunofluorescence IOD, and gray value ratio (TGF-β1 protein gray value/GAPDH protein gray value detected by Western blot) in the LBP group, the non-LBP group and the control group were in accordance with the normal distribution. Here, TGFB1 is linked to Low back pain.