Additionally, immuno-staining for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), an extensively characterized marker of liver inflammation and driver of NAFLD [32–34], showed Set 3 CypB KO livers had qualitatively less staining than their Set 3 WT counterparts, while CypA KO livers had similar staining to their WT controls (Fig 4). Here, PPIB is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.