RAF1 and breast cancer: According to the whole-genome sequencing results, three somatic variations may have clinical significance, including RAF1 (CCDC6-RAF1 fusion), ARID1A, SMARCA4, and one germline variation BCL2L11. Cell experiments have shown that spontaneous activation of RAF1 can induce estrogen-independent growth of breast cancer cells and overexpression of continuously activated RAF1 protein can cause cell resistance to adriamycin and paclitaxel (El-Ashry et al. 1997; Davis et al. 2003).