Additionally, we observed alterations in the CXCL13–CXCR5 and CXCL12–CXCR4 ligand‒receptor interactions between immune cells and tumour cells, which potentially play important roles in modulating the infiltration, activation and differentiation of immune cells in response to tumour antigens.65, 66, 67. Here, CXCR4 is linked to neoplasm.