Elevated urinary protein levels and activity of heparanase are noted in patients with both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes (Shafat, Ilan, Zoabi, Vlodavsky and Nakhoul, 2011; Rops et al., 2012), as well as in renal transplant patients with proteinuria and decreased allograft function (Shafat et al., 2012). This evidence concerns the gene HPSE and type 2 diabetes mellitus.