PDCD1 and congenital rubella syndrome: In light of the fundamental role of T cell dysfunction in CRS, the importance of CXCR5, TIM-3, and PD-1 molecules in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, and the unique function of stem-like cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, the present study investigated the expression of CXCR5+TIM-3-PD-1+ T cells in patients with CRS for the first time.