The proportion of CXCR5+TIM-3-PD-1+ cells among both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells was significantly elevated in the paranasal sinus mucosa (CD8+: p=0.0027; CD4+: p=0.024); and in the nasal polyps (CD8+: p=0.042; CD4+: p=0.039); of patients with CRS than the proportion in healthy controls (Figure 4A). Here, PDCD1 is linked to Nasal polyposis.