AKT1 and lung carcinoma: Ginsenoside Rh2 and Rg3, both extracted from ginseng, can downregulate lung cancer cells PD-L1 expression induced by cisplatin: Ginsenoside Rh2 through PI3K/Akt pathway while Rg3 through PI3K/Akt and NF-κB pathway (191, 289).