Moreover, elevated PU.1 expression is associated with an elevated risk of AD, whereas reduced expression is believed to offer some protective effect and contribute to improving inflammation balance by microglia, result observed in primary human mixed glial cultures following siRNA-mediated KO of PU.1 (Rustenhoven et al., 2018; Pimenova et al., 2021; Ralvenius et al., 2023). Here, SPI1 is linked to Alzheimer disease.