CA9 and neoplasm: Representative images of multiplex immunofluorescent (mIF) staining tumor epithelium (pan cytokeratin/panCK) and stroma (alpha-smooth muscle actin/αSMA) are shown in Fig. 5A. When panCK + regions were analysed, several genes were enriched in high STAT3 TSPhigh cases including hypoxia-associated carbonic anhydrase-9 (CA9) (Fig. 5B).