Exposure of BE cells to acidic bile salts, exploited as a mimicry of GERD-associated reflux condition, induced the DNA-repair enzyme APE1-mediated inhibition of YAP ubiquitination by the E3 ubiquitine ligase β-TRCP, YAP nuclear accumulation and upregulation of its target genes, and YAP-dependent induction of stem-like features [103]. The gene discussed is YAP1; the disease is Barrett esophagus.