For the R5mm and Tumor models, Shape_Spherical Disproportion, Shape_Compactness 1, Shape_Compactness 2, and Shape_Elongation features representing tumor shape were key features in predicting HER2 status, and HER2-positive breast cancers tended to be more irregular shapes in the tumor, peritumoral areas (Fig. 7D–F), and ROIs (Fig. 7G–H). Here, ERBB2 is linked to neoplasm.