Furthermore, NOTCH1 (Majumdar et al. 2021), LPA (Boffa & Koschinsky 2019; Smith et al. 2014), PALMD (Wang et al. 2022), IL6 and FADS1/2 are implicated in the initiation and progression of CAVD. Here, NOTCH1 is linked to congenital bilateral aplasia of vas deferens from CFTR mutation.