PPARGC1A and Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), caused by the lack of functional dystrophin protein, is a lethal and progressive disease that leads to difficulties with movement and, eventually premature death.547 Amusingly, some gene programs associated with PGC-1α function, including mitochondrial OXPHOS, ROS detoxification, and Ca2+ signaling, are dysregulated in DMD,548–552 suggesting the feasible connection between PGC-1α and DMD.