PPARGC1A and hepatocellular carcinoma: Further mechanistic experiments have revealed that sestrin2 forms a complex with c-Jun N-terminal kinase and FOXO1, thereby facilitating the nuclear translocation of FOXO1 and consequently promoting the transcription of PGC-1α.295 Additionally, in the diethylnitrosamine-induced HCC model, the genetic blocking of high mobility group box (HMGB)-1 slows tumor cell growth during hypoxia.