PPARGC1A and familial dilated cardiomyopathy: All these suggested the critical effects of PPARα and PGC-1α in PRDM16-mediated cardioprotective action.386 Besides, in the development of DCM, PGC-1α activation is responsible for reversing the Warburg effect to aerobic respiration when exercising, thus enhancing mitochondrial metabolism and energy homeostasis.388