PPARGC1A and diabetic kidney disease: When MSCs are injected into rats, podocyte injury and PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy are ameliorated, which relies on the activation of the SIRT1-PGC-1α-TFAM pathway.522 In addition, some natural products, including resveratrol, berberine, purple rice husk, and formononetin, as well as clinical drugs such as rosiglitazone and rosiglitazone, exhibit protective effects in DKD by performing anti-oxidative effects, anti-apoptosis effects, and preventing mitochondrial dysfunction, in which PGC-1α is a principal hub mediator.517,523–528