It is known that VSMCs proliferation is detrimental throughout atherosclerosis.411 Accumulating evidence highlighted that PGC-1α protects VSMCs from proliferation, migration, and inflammation.412–414 For example, free fatty acids, including oleic acid and palmitic acid, stimulate VSMCs proliferation and migration and result in the formation of organized atherosclerotic plaque. This evidence concerns the gene PPARGC1A and atherosclerosis.