Moderately upregulated PGC-1α in skeletal muscle improves fiber damage and fiber necrosis, and decreases serum creatine kinase levels, thereby exerting a beneficial effect in sedentary DMD mice.553 When PGC-1α is transferred into already declining muscle, the areas of immune cell infiltration and hypercontracted cells are decreased, and dystrophic muscle is rescued.554,555 A recent study indicated that PGC-1α overexpression increases TFEB nuclear localization and lysosome abundance and decreases the severity of DMD in dystrophin-deficient skeletal muscle.556. Here, PPARGC1A is linked to Duchenne muscular dystrophy.