HFD intake induces weight gain, hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis, contractile dysfunction, mitochondrial injury, and apoptosis, whereas ALDH2 offers protection against HFD-induced cardiomyopathy through reversing the changes in CaMKII, SIRT1, and PGC-1α acetylation.395 In line with this, HFD-induced reduction in PGC-1/spargel (srl) expression provokes cardiac lipotoxicity. Here, PPARGC1A is linked to cardiomyopathy.