In the transverse aortic constriction model, PGC-1β deficiency aggravates oxidative stress, decreases cardiac efficiency, glucose metabolism, and hexokinase II protein, further accelerating the transition to HF, while PGC-1β activation mediates the protective roles of melatonin and attenuates cardiac contractile function.377,378 Considering that there are few studies on PGC-1β or PRC in cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, further research is needed in the future. The gene discussed is PPARGC1B; the disease is cardiac hypertrophy.