PPARGC1A and diabetic kidney disease: Moreover, the application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the treatment of DKD has shown good prospects.520 By a coculture system consisting of MSCs and macrophages, it was found that MSCs-derived mitochondria are transferred into macrophages and this transfer stimulates PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis in parallel with the interaction between PGC-1α and TFEB in HG-induced macrophages, leading to the elevated lysosome-autophagy, ultimately ameliorating DKD.521 Similar results also exist in the streptozotocin-induced DKD rat model.