4 In the UK, PSA testing rates vary by sociodemographic factors and are higher among men in older age groups, living in the South, and from less deprived areas on the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD).5 Furthermore, patients living in the most deprived areas are 29% more likely to be diagnosed with metastatic prostate cancer than those in the least deprived.6 Moreover, an analysis of stage at diagnosis data performed by Prostate Cancer UK shows that in Scotland, 35% of men diagnosed with prostate cancer are diagnosed at stage 4 compared with 21% in England.7 This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and prostate carcinoma.