Zhang et al. found that the expression of TGF-β1 was upregulated in SnCs [309], whereas the activation of the TGF-β1/SMAD3 signaling pathway was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by bergenin and myricetin, and the treatment of these compounds also ameliorated hepatic and pulmonary fibrosis in mice [310-312]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to pulmonary fibrosis.