For instance, WOKVAC, a DNA-based vaccine that encodes for multiple epitopes derived from IGF1R, IGFBP2, a molecule involved in IGF1 stabilization, and HER2, has been shown to activate a humoral immune response in patients affected by breast cancer and is entering a phase 2 clinical trial in combination with chemotherapeutic agents (NCT04329065). Here, IGF1 is linked to breast carcinoma.