-Reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, interleukin-1beta (IL-1β)), chemokines, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and aquaporin-4 in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) -Suppressed NF-κB and down-regulated TNF-α expression in a diabetic encephalopathy (DE) mouse model. Here, TNF is linked to diabetic encephalopathy.