GGTLC1 and melanoma: Administration of 250 and 500 μg/kg crocin after melanoma lung metastasis implantation, decreased uronic acid, hexosamine, hydroxyproline, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (g-GGT), and serum sialic acid, which were metastasis-induced biomarkers, and crocin prevented the expression of genes such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), ERK-2, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and K-ras (39).