Researchers analyzed IL-5, IFN-γ, IL-17A, TNF-α, IL-22, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, eosinophilic cationic protein, myeloperoxidase, TGF-β1, IgE, specific IgE, and albumin in the patient tissue samples and classified the inflammatory endotype of CRS by immunomarkers.23 Here, TNF is linked to congenital rubella syndrome.