MYC and neoplasm: The analysis indicated that lactylation played vital roles in pro-tumor pathways like “MYC,” “PI3K-AKT-mTOR,” “HYPOXIA” and was associated with immune-related pathways such as “INTERFERON_GAMMA_RESPONSE”, “IL2_STAT5_SIGNALING” and “TGF_BETA_SIGNALING” (Fig. 3F-H, Additional file 2: Tables S8–S10).