In addition, we observed that heat treatment alone (i.e., LV-con + ICG group) led to the remarkable downregulation of stem cell-related markers (i.e., Nanog, Sox2, Oct4, ABCG2 or Bmi-1) in CNE2 cell-derived xenografts (Fig. 9C), as compared with those in control xenografts [i.e., LV-con group (Fig. 9C)], suggesting that hyperthermia efficiently suppresses the stemness of NPC cells in vivo. The gene discussed is POU5F1; the disease is nasopharyngeal carcinoma.