Furthermore, Cirbp functions as a tumor suppressor in ovarian carcinoma and endometrial carcinoma, whereas Cirbp exerts its pro-tumorigenic roles in pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, melanoma, prostate cancer, bladder cancer and skin squamous cell carcinoma [10, 11, 16, 41, 47, 58, 59, 71, 73, 137, 138], indicating that Cirbp has context-dependent tumor-suppressive and oncogenic functions in oncogenesis and cancer progression. This evidence concerns the gene CIRBP and urinary bladder cancer.