ATR and cancer: These aforementioned results clearly suggests that ectopic expression of Cirbp mostly or completely rescues hyperthermia-induced reduction in the phosphorylation levels of ATM, Chk2, p53, ATR and Chk1, which consequently reverses hyperthermia-induced reduction in DNA damage repair ability of cancer cells and increase in cell apoptosis, ultimately leading to increased thermoresistance and tumor growth (Fig. 12).