In addition to the decrease in C3a anaphylatoxin in samples treated with 1% P80 natural essence, there was a significant decrease in IP10, MCP1, and RANTES levels, all chemokines that mediate immune cell migration to sites of infection, compared to SARS-CoV-2 infected cultures (Fig. 2b, orange, green and lilac bar charts). Here, CCL5 is linked to infection.