In Drosophila and zebrafish models of HD, nitrosative stress inhibited autophagosome formation through aberrant nitrosylation of JNK1 (c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase 1) and IKKβ (IkappaB kinase beta), while inhibition of NOS activity promoted autophagy and reduced mutant HTT aggregation and neurodegeneration [67]. Here, MAPK8 is linked to Huntington disease.