IL4 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: The role of IL-4 may be context dependent (including sites and therapies), as circulating IL-4 levels have been associated with better responses in anti-PD-1 mAb-treated non-small-cell lung carcinoma patients (Boutsikou et al., 2018), while other studies have suggested deleterious impacts of basal IL-4 in antitumor responses (Maier et al., 2020; Shirota et al., 2017).