These data suggest that altered levels of Akt-pSer473 and GSK3β-pSer9 reflect changes in central insulin signaling, but a snapshot measurement of GSK3β-pSer9 does not reflect GSK3β activity or its contributions to tau hyperphosphorylation in different stages of MetS and ADRDs (18, 74, 100). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is metabolic syndrome.