It has been reported that the peripheral blood monocytes of IC/BPS patients can induce the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β and IL‐6 under the stimulation of TLR4 agonist Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro, which is closely related to the severity of pain in patients.37 Here, TLR4 is linked to Bartsocas-Papas syndrome 1.