In another HCC screening study conducted in Shanghai in patients aged 35 to 59 years with CHB or who were hepatitis B virus surface antigen-positive, the ICER for one AFP + US screening every 6 months compared with no screening was $214 which was lower than per capita GDP in China during the study period (1993–1997) and was considered cost-effective [38]. The gene discussed is AFP; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.