Following the seminal finding that the SOCS1 gene is repressed in hepatocellular carcinoma by promoter CpG methylation, similar epigenetic and miRNA-mediated SOCS1 loss has been reported in many cancers including, neuroblastoma, myeloid leukemias and colorectal, pancreatic, breast, prostate and ovarian cancers (24, 39–49). The gene discussed is SOCS1; the disease is cancer.