HP and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Risk factors for the onset of T2DM and its macrovascular consequences include systemic inflammatory indicators.Numerous prospective and cross-sectional studies have reported elevated levels of cytokines and chemokines, sialic acid, and circulating acute-phase proteins (such as, fibrinogen, haptoglobin, C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen activator inhibitor, and serum amyloid A) in patients with type 2 diabetes.