The largest study of infants randomized Italian participants to 100 mg bovine lactoferrin (N=153), 100 mg bovine lactoferrin with L. rhamnosus GG (N=151), or placebo (N=168) for the first 30 days of life; a multivariate logistic regression analysis for late-onset sepsis reported ORs of 0.32 (95% CI=0.14-0.77) and 0.21 (95% CI=0.08-0.55) for bovine lactoferrin and bovine lactoferrin/L. The gene discussed is LTF; the disease is Sepsis.