In a clinical trial in Italy, patients were given liposomal bovine lactoferrin 1 g orally or 16 mg intranasally daily (N=32), standard of care treatment (N=32) or no COVID-19 treatment (N=28); the patients receiving bovine lactoferrin had a statistically significant shorter mean time to achieving a SARS-CoV-2 RNA negative test (mean=14.25 days), compared to the standard of care treatment (mean=27.13 days, p<0.001) and no treatment groups (mean=32.61 days, p<0.001) [62]. This evidence concerns the gene LTF and COVID-19.