GEM and familial pancreatic carcinoma: After confirming the significantly higher drug resistance of gemcitabine-resistant cell lines compared with regular pancreatic cancer cell lines, MACC1-AS1 was stably overexpressed in PANC-1 and MIAPACA cell lines, and MACC1-AS1 was stably knocked down in gemcitabine-resistant PANC-1/Gem and MIAPACA/Gem cell lines (Fig. 1E, F).