IRS2 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Physical exercise also reversed some miRNAs that are aberrantly expressed in T2DM.460 Chronic physical exercise downregulated miR-144, which is overexpressed in diabetes, and ameliorated miR-144-mediated insulin resistance through altered IRS1 and IRS2 expression.461–463 In contrast, downregulation of miR-15a and miR-192 in the plasma of T2DM patients promoted insulin resistance and disease progression.443,464,465 Physical exercise leads to increased expression of miR-15a and miR-192 to ameliorate insulin resistance and lipid accumulation.466,467