Recent studies have also found that hyperglycemia-induced enhancement of the NF-κB pathway, increase in miR-27a-3p, decrease in nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2) expression, and ROS overproduction in endothelial cells were maintained after restoration of normoglycemia, resulting in perivascular fibrosis and cardiovascular dysfunction in the heart.241 It confirmed the presence of metabolic memory in endothelial cells, indicating that insulin alone fails to improve cardiac function, whereas the combined application of miR-27a-3p inhibitors reverses the adverse effects. This evidence concerns the gene INS and Hyperglycemia.