NFKB1 and Hyperglycemia: Further studies found that expression of DNMT1, NF-κB p65, and nuclear factor Sp1 was significantly increased in podocytes under diabetic state, promoting inflammatory responses and podocyte damage.118 The employment of DNA methylation inhibitors can downregulate DNMT1 expression and ameliorate the adverse effects of hyperglycemia through the Sp1/NF-κB p65-Dnmt1 pathway, attenuating albuminuria.