Prospective echocardiography studies have also shown that longitudinal changes in left ventricular remodelling and myocardial dysfunction in individuals with type 2 diabetes are associated with factors such as retinopathy [41], B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) [42], obesity [43] and female sex [44]. The gene discussed is NPPB; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.