In the multivariable linear regression model, even after adjusting for baseline echocardiography indicators, sex, smoking status, duration of diabetes, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and NT-proBNP, high baseline levels of ITGA1 remained independently associated with a decrease in LVEF and an increase in both the E/A ratio (p=0.001) and the E/e′ ratio (p=0.001) (Table 5). This evidence concerns the gene ITGA1 and diabetes mellitus.