Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3),a member of the mammalianATF/cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) responsive element-binding(CREB) protein family, is a stress-induced transcription factor implicatedin the modulation of immunity and oncogenesis in various cancers,including prostate, breast, colon, lung, and liver cancers.1 ATF3 homodimerizes or forms heterodimers withvarious partners via interactions between basic leucine zipper (bZIP)domains that bind the consensus cAMP response element (5-GTGACGT[AC][AG]-3)with varying affinities. This evidence concerns the gene ATF3 and liver cancer.