TLR4 and neoplasm: Some examples of DAMP mechanisms of action are how ATP binds to its own receptors on many immune cells, including macrophages, inducing an M2-like immunosuppressive phenotype,38 or how HMGB1 acts through TLR4 and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) to initiate pro-inflammatory cytokine release, recruiting bone marrow-derived monocytes to tumor site.39 In this sense, our analysis revealed that perinecrotic and necrotic zones are infiltrated by S100A9 + myeloid cells, specifically myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC).