Moreover, in a patient co-infected with mucocutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease, MA treatment promoted a downmodulation of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 cytokine levels but an upregulation of IL-12 production and a decrease of the frequency of circulating Treg, indicating the promotion of immune responses toward a more protective profile to both diseases (34). Here, TNF is linked to mucocutaneous leishmaniasis.