The G1 (linear increase) includes key AD-associated proteins such as SPARC-related modular calcium-binding protein 1 (SMOC1,28Extended Data Fig. 1), Neurofilament Light Chain (NEFL)29, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP)30, Granulin Precursor (GRN)31, Protein Phosphatase 3 Regulatory Subunit B, Alpha (PPP3R1)32, and Alpha-Synuclein (SNCA)33. Here, GFAP is linked to Alzheimer disease.