RNF34 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: Calculated using the Kaplan-Meier estimator, patients with positive membranous or cytoplasmic expression exhibited a shortened PFS (membranous RNF34: log-rank p < 0.01; cytoplasmatic RNF34: log-rank p = 0.012). Based on the results of multivariate Cox regression analysis, elevated membranous RNF34 expression emerged as a significant and independent prognostic factor for reduced PFS in patients diagnosed with ccRCC (HR = 3.139, 95% CI = 1.17-8.46, p = 0.024; Table 6).