The western blotting results showed an increased LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and Beclin1 levels and decreased SQSTM1 levels in the ovarian tissues of the PCOS mice compared with those in the control mice, suggesting autophagy activation in the PCOS mice, whereas the autophagy level in the PCOS mice treated with LV-BOP1 decreased partially (Fig. 4A, B). This evidence concerns the gene SQSTM1 and polycystic ovary syndrome.