Moreover, 11-10-8 LNP-based FGF21 mRNA therapy exhibited superior weight-reducing and lipid-lowering effects compared to the MC3 LNP-based mRNA therapy, resulting in a significant alleviation of obesity and fatty liver in a diet-induced obese mouse model (Fig. 6b–g). This evidence concerns the gene FGF21 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.