IL4 and neoplasm: Conversely, immunosuppressive (protumorigenic) M2-like macrophages are activated by Th2 cytokines, including IL-4, IL-13, and IL-10, which are secreted by the dominant Th2 lymphocytes in the TME or tumor cells at later stages, resulting in the upregulated expression of specific chemokines such as CCL17 and CCL22 and immunosuppressive cytokines such as IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) [14].