Immunotherapies that block programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) checkpoints in combination with anti-angiogenesis or other checkpoints, such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), are currently recommended as first-line treatment for advanced HCC (aHCC)2,3. The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.