SAA1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: To further identify the specific glycolytic regulator to induce PD-L1 expression, we first observed that transcription of glycolytic enzyme genes, including GLUT1, PKM2, LDHA, GAPDH, PFKL, and ALDOC, increased in SAA-treated neutrophils derived from the peripheral blood of HCC patients (Fig. 4g).