In 2017, Akkaya-Ulum et al. revealed that several miRNAs involved in inflammatory pathways are differentially expressed in FMF patients harboring one or two MEFV mutations compared to controls and healthy carriers; moreover, miR-20a-5p and miR-197-3p were overexpressed and downregulated, respectively, in homozygous patients, and let-7d-3p and miR-574-3p expression levels were increased in heterozygotes [91]. This evidence concerns the gene MEFV and familial Mediterranean fever.