IL18 and infection: To assess the pro-inflammatory response by moDCs, cells were infected with four GAS strains harboring functional CovR/S (CovR/S+; 2006, 5448, 5626, 8157) or four covS mutant strains carrying non-functional CovR/S (CovR/S−; 2002, MGAS5005, 5448AP, 8003) and IL1β, IL-8 as well as IL-18 release in response to infections was measured.