This is a potentially important measure with regard to HDL function and CVD risk, as we have shown in earlier studies that apoA-I specific exchange activity is reduced in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) [10], metabolic syndrome [15], type I diabetes mellitus [16], type II diabetes mellitus [17], and when apoA-I is enzymatically oxidized [8]. Here, APOA1 is linked to metabolic syndrome.