During the differentiation of mononuclear phagocytes, the expression of inflammatory genes (TNF, IL1A, IL1B, IL23A) and immunosuppression-related genes (CD86, LILRB4, CD274 [25] PDCD1LG2) was gradually decreased and increased, respectively (Figs 4D and S5B), indicating that the immune function of mononuclear phagocytes decreases towards forming an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and neoplasm.