MTOR and pulmonary fibrosis: Englinger et al. (2017) identified the critical features of the lysosomal compartment in tumors, including how the number and size of lysosomes affects the sensitivity of tumor cells to nintedanib. Peroxisomes are ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells, producing many free radicals during oxidative stress. These changes in free radicals are closely related to tumor activity. Studies found that nintedanib improves oxidative stress by down-regulating the PI3K/ Akt/ mTOR signaling pathway, although only in the pulmonary fibrosis model (Pan et al., 2023).