•   Age <1 month/ neonate, or adults/> 18 years    •   Hospital acquired pneumonia    •   Pneumonia among specific categories of patients e.g., intensive care unit (ICU) patients, cystic fibrosis, post-operative patients, sickle cell patients    •   Pneumonia diagnosed only by chest X-ray or culture and sensitivity, C-reactive protein (CRP) only. This evidence concerns the gene CRP and pneumonia.