Also, in an Indian population, the homozygote SNPs (rs1799964 and rs1800630) in the TNF-α enhancer region lead to higher levels of plasma TNF-α, while the rare allele of the SNP (rs41297589) and the heterozygote forms of the SNPs (rs1799964, rs1800630, rs1799964, rs361525, and rs1799724) increased the risk of getting severe forms of malaria (57, 64). Here, TNF is linked to malaria.