EPO and anemia (phenotype): The development of anemia in patients with AHF has been reported to be associated with a variety of factors, such as relative or absolute iron deficiency from various causes, decreased erythropoiesis due to abnormalities in the RAAS system, decreased erythropoietin due to chronic kidney disease, chronic disease anemia due to a proinflammatory state, and hemodilution, leading to varying degrees of ventricular remodeling and ultimately to increased mortality in patients with AHF.4, 5, 6, 7